Understand the basics

Investments

Learn about common investing considerations and explore how hypothetical contributions and returns can compound over time.

Try an example

Investment growth estimator

Explore how a starting balance, regular contributions, and an assumed return may affect a hypothetical future value. Enter dollar amounts in US dollars.

Starting amountCurrent amount hypothetically invested; use 0 if starting from scratch.Monthly contributionAssumed contribution added at the end of each month.Assumed annual return (%)A hypothetical nominal annual rate, compounded monthly. Returns vary and are not guaranteed.Time invested (years)Whole years, from 1 to 80.

Hypothetical value after 20 years

$92,408

Your contributions: $48,000
Estimated growth or decline: $44,408

Estimate assumes a steady return compounded monthly and contributions made at each month’s end. It does not account for volatility, inflation, taxes, fees, or changing contributions. Actual results can be lower or higher, including a loss of principal.

Before you invest

Consider these basics

Start with your time horizon

The time before you need the money can affect how much uncertainty may be appropriate. Money needed soon is generally exposed to less time to recover from market declines.

Understand risk and diversification

Investments can rise and fall in value, and returns are not guaranteed. Diversification spreads exposure across different investments, but it cannot eliminate market risk or prevent losses.

Pay attention to fees

Ongoing fund, account, and transaction fees reduce returns over time. Review the fee schedule and investment documents so you understand what you may pay.

Learn the account options

Taxable brokerage accounts and tax-advantaged accounts such as workplace retirement plans or IRAs have different rules, limits, and withdrawal considerations. Check current official guidance and plan documents.